Study of Distillation Method and Time on the Quality of Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) Essential Oil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i2.606-614Abstract
"Basil" or basil has economic value both in fresh form, simplicia and essential oil. This research aims to evaluate the method and duration of distillation in making essential oil from basil. Two distillation methods, namely steam and boil distillation, are carried out with different distillation times (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours). The parameters observed were physical characteristics which included oil volume, yield, pH, distillation rate, color, aroma and spots. The results show that the best distillation process time is 2 h for both distillation methods. Steam distillation for 2 hours produced the best essential oil of 1.1 ml, yield 0.11%, pH 5.78, distillation rate of 0.53 ml/h, pale yellow color, strong aroma, clean spots. Meanwhile, water boiled distillation for 2 h produced 1.2 ml of essential oil, 0.12% yield, pH 6.31, distillation rate of 0.60 ml/h, brown color, weak aroma, very spotty. Distillation of basil leaf essential oil using the steam method for 2 h was determined as the best treatment based on the highest essential oil yield, smallest pH, highest distillation rate, clearest color, most distinctive aroma, and cleanest stain.
Keywords: Aroma, Basil leaves, Essential oil, Steam distillation, Yield.
References
Anastasia, S.H., & Romadhonni, T. (2019). Formulasi sediaan balsem minyak atsiri tanaman sereh (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle). Global Health Science, 4(3), 105–108.
Behera S., Panigrahi, R., Babu, S.M., & Ramani, Y.R. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Ocimum canum hydroalcoholic leaf extract in the prenvention of hepatic ischaemia. IJPI’s Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2(9), 1–7.
BSN (Badan Standardisasi Nasional). (2014). SNI 8028-1:2014 Alat Penyuling Minyak Atsiri-Bagian 1: Sistem Kukus - Syarat Mutu dan Metode Uji. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta.
Effendi, V.P., & Widjanarko, S.B. (2014). Destilasi dan karakterisasi minyak atsiri rimpang jeringau (Acorus calamus) dengan kajian lama waktu destilasi dan rasio bahan:pelarut. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, 2(2), 1–8.
Ekasari, S.R. (2020). Pengaruh metode pengambilan minyak atsiri dari daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap kandungan geraniol dan sitronelal. Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia, 5(1), 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/inteka.v5i1.3394
Fatimura, M., & Fitriyanti, R. (2021). Variasi laju alir kondensat terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri daun kemangi menggunakan metode distilasi steam. CHEESA, 4(1), 65–74. http://doi.org/10.25273/cheesa.v4i1.8274.65-74
Feriyanto, Y.E., Sipahutar, J.P., Mahfud, M., & Prihatini, P. (2013). Pengambilan minyak atsiri dari daun dan batang serai wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus) menggunakan metode destilasi uap dan air dengan pemanasan microwave. Jurnal Teknik POMITS, 2(1), F93–F97.
Grand View Research. (2024). Essential Oils Market Size, Share & Growth Report 2024-2030 (Summary). Grand View Research, San Francisco, CA 94105, United States.
Gunawan, D., & Mulyani, S. (2004). Ilmu Obat Alam (Farmakognosi). Jilid I. Penerbit Penabar Swadaya, Jakarta, 108–120.
Hasanah, U. (2010). Daya Bunuh Ekstrak Daun Kemangi Ungu (Ocimum sanctum) Terhadap Larva Anopheles aconitus. [Bachelor Thesis]. Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta: 53 pp.
Kardinan, A. (2003). Tanaman Pengusir dan Pembasmi Nyamuk. Agro Media Pustaka, Jakarta, 1–33.
Kicel, A., Kurowska, A., & Kalemba, D. (2005). Composition of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum grown in Poland during vegetation. Journal of Essential Oil Reserach, 17(2), 217–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698880
Marjoni, M.R. (2014). Pemurnian etanol hasil fermentasi kulit umbi singkong (Manihot utilissima Pohl) dari limbah industri kerupuk sanjai di Kota Bukittinggi berdasarkan suhu dan waktu destilasi. PharmaÒ«iana, 4(2), 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v4i2.1578
Nirwana, C.H., & Zamrudy, W. (2021). Studi literatur karakteristik minyak cengkeh (clove oil) dari beberapa metode destilasi. Distilat, 7(2), 561-569.
Nugraheni, K.S., Khasanah, L.U., Utami, R., Anandhito, B.K. (2016). Pengaruh perlakuan pendahuluan dan variasi metode destilasi terhadap karakteristik mutu minyak atsiri daun kayu manis (C. burmanii). Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, 9(2), 51–64.
Pandey, A.K., Singh, P., & Tripathi, N.N. (2014). Chemistry and bioactivities of essential oils of some Ocimum species: An overview. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(9), 682–694. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C77.
Parahita, M.L. (2013). Daya Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basillicum L) Sebagai Zat Aktif dan Sediaan Gel Terhadap Staphylococcuc epidermis ATCC 12228 dan Basilicus Subtilis ATCC 6633. [Bachelor Thesis]. Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta.
Prakash, P., & Gupta, N. (2005).Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: A short review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 49(2), 125–131.
Purnamaningsih, N.A., & Supadmi, F.R.S. (2020). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Media Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(3), 225-230.
Putri, I.A., Fatimura, M., Husnah, H., & Bakrie, M. (2021). Pembuatan minyak atsiri kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) dengan menggunakan metode distilasi uap langsung. Jurnal Redoks, 6(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v6i2.5202
Rubiyanto, D., & Fitriyah, D. (2012). Isolasi cis- dan trans- sitral dari minyak atsiri kemangi (Ocimum citriodorum L) dengan metode ekstraksi bisulfit dan metode destilasi uap. IJCCS, 1(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijeo.2016.001.01.01
Sato, A. (2012). Destilasi uap pada pemisahan minyak atsiri dengan menggunakan uap superheated. Jurnal Iptek, 16(1), 104-110.
Setyaningsih, D., Anton, A., & Maya, P.S. (2010). Analisis Sensori untuk Industri Pangan dan Argo. Bogor: IPB Press.
Silalahi, M. (2018). Minyak essensial pada kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.). Jurnal Pro-Life, 5(2), 557–566.
Syamsul, S., Syahputra, R., Suherman, S. (2016). Rancang bangun sistem kendali pada proses penyulingan minyak pala untuk optimasi energi. Jurnal Litek, 13(2), 55–60.
Tallamma, F. (2014). Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimim basilicum L.) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSCs). [Bachelor Thesis]. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar: 81 pp.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Lice that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung
JTEPL is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
