Effects of Torrefaction Temperature on the Characteristics of Betung (Dendrocalamus asper) Bamboo Pellets

Authors

  • Bagus Saputra Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
  • Karina Gracia Agatha Tambunan Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
  • Intan Fajar Suri Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
  • Indra Gumay Febryano Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
  • Dian Iswandaru Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
  • Wahyu Hidayat Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-1623

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i2.339-353

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of torrefaction temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) pellets. Torrefaction was conducted in an electric furnace at 200°C, 240°C, and 280°C for 50 minutes. The physical properties evaluated included color change, density, moisture content, water resistance, and water adsorption. The mechanical properties were also investigated by compressive strength test. The result showed that torrefaction affected the color properties of betung bamboo pellets with E values of more than 12 or totally changed. The density and moisture content of torrefaction bamboo betung pellets decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature. The results also showed that the hydrophobic properties of the bamboo betung pellets improved with the increased of torrefaction temperature. The highest compressive strength value was obtained by bamboo betung pellets torrefied at 200°C and the values decreased with the increase of temperature. In conclusion, there were differences in the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo betung pellets that were torrefied at different temperatures. Torrefaction with an electric furnace effectively improved the quality of betung bamboo pellets.

 

Keywords:   Bamboo betung, pellets, temperature, torrefaction

Author Biography

  • Bagus Saputra, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
    Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

References

Alkusma, Y. M., Hermawan, H., & Hadiyanto. (2016). Pengembangan potensi energi alternatif dengan pemanfaatan limbah cair kelapa sawit sebagai sumber energi baru terbarukan di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 14(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.14.2.96-102

Arsad, E. (2015). Teknologi pengolahan dan manfaat bambu. Jurnal Riset Hasil Industri, 7(1), 45–52.

Bahanawan, A., & Krisdianto. (2020). Pengaruh pengeringan terhadap perubahan warna, penyusutan tebal, dan pengurangan berat empat jenis bambu. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 38(2), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2020.38.2.69-80

Basu, P. (2018). Biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction: Practical design and theory. In Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction: Practical Design and Theory. Academic Press, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-04056-1

Fakhruzy. (2018). Biopellet bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Menara Ilmu, 7(9), 32–39.

Frida, E., Darnianti, D., & Pandia, J. (2019). Preparasi dan karakterisasi biomassa kulit pinang dan tempurung kelapa menjadi briket dengan menggunakan tepung tapioka sebagai perekat. JUITECH (Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Teknik Universitas Quality), 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36764/ju.v3i2.252

Haryanto, A., Nita, R., Telaumbanua, M., Suharyatun, S., Hasanudin, U., Hidayat, W., Iryani, D. A., Triyono, S., Amrul, & Wisnu, F. K. (2021). Torréfaction to improve biomass pellet made of oil palm empty fruit bunch. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 749(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012047

Hendra, D. (2012). Rekayasa pembuatan mesin pelet kayu dan pengujian hasilnya. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 30(2), 144–154.

Hidayat, W, Rubiyanti, T., Sulistio, Y., Iryani, D. A., Haryanto, A., Amrul, Yoo, J., Kim, S., Lee, S., & Hasanudin, U. (2021). Effects of torrefaction using COMB dryer/pyrolizer on the properties of rubberwood ( Hevea brasiliensis ) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) pellets. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB 2019), 202(Icsb 2019), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210603.037

Hidayat, Wahyu, Jang, J. H., Park, S. H., Qi, Y., Febrianto, F., Lee, S. H., Kim, N. H., Cylicodiscus, O., & Wood, H. (2015). Effect of temperature and clamping during heat treatment on physical and mechanical properties of. BioResources, 10(2006), 6961–6974.

Hidayat, Wahyu, Qi, Y., Jang, J. H., Park, B. H., Banuwa, I. S., Febrianto, F., & Kim, N. H. (2017). Color change and consumer preferences towards color of heat-treated Korean white pine and royal paulownia woods. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 45(2), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2017.45.2.213

Hidayat, Wahyu, Rani, I. T., Yulianto, T., Febryano, I. G., Iryani, D. A., Hasanudin, U., Lee, S., Kim, S., Yoo, J., & Haryanto, A. (2020). Peningkatan kualitas pelet tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui torefaksi menggunakan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB). Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 14(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.59172

Iryani, D. A., Haryanto, A., Hidayat, W., Amrul, Talambanua, M., Hasanudin, U., & Lee, S. (2019). Torrefaction upgrading of palm oil empty fruit bunches biomass pellets for gasification feedstock by using comb (counter flow multi-baffle) reactor. TAE 2019 - Proceeding of 7th International Conference on Trends in Agricultural Engineering 2019, September, 212–217.

Krisdianto, K., Satiti, E. R., & Supriadi, A. (2018). Perubahan warna dan lapisan finishing lima jenis kayu akibat pencuacaan. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 36(3), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2018.36.3.205-218

Lestari, R. Y., Prabawa, I. D. G. P., & Cahyana, B. T. (2019). Pengaruh kadar air terhadap kualitas pelet kayu dari serbuk gergajian kayu jabon dan ketapang. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 37(1), 1–12.

Ma’ruf, S. D., Bakri, S., Febryano, I. G., Setiawan, A., Haryanto, A., Suri, I. F., Kim, N. H., & Hidayat, W. (2021). Effects of eco-friendly hot oil treatment on the wood properties of Gmelina Aborea and Cocos Nucifera. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB 2019), 202(Icsb 2019), 190–194. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210603.033

Manouchehrinejad, M., & Sudhagar, M. (2018). Torrefaction after pelletization (TAP): Analysis of torrefied pellet quality and co-products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 118, 93–104.

Nunes, L. J. R., Matias, J. C. O., & Catalão, J. P. S. (2014). A review on torrefied biomass pellets as a sustainable alternative to coal in power generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.181

Nur, S. M. (2014). Karakteristik limbah padi sebagai bahan baku bioenergi. In Bioenergi Utama Indonesia (Issue December 2015). PT. Insan Fajar Mandiri Nusantara.

Pah, J. M., Suryanegara, L., Haryanto, A., Hasanudin, U., Iryani, D. A., Wulandari, C., Yoo, J., Kim, S., Lee, S., & Hidayat, W. (2021). Product characteristics from the torrefaction of bamboo pellets in oxidative atmosphere. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB 2019), 202(Icsb 2019), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210603.032

Parinduri, L., & Parinduri, T. (2020). Konversi biomassa sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. JET (Journal of Electrical Technology), 5(2), 88–92.

Peng, J. H., Bi, X. T., Sokhansanj, S., & Lim, C. J. (2013). Torrefaction and densification of different species of softwood residues. Fuel, 111, 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.048

Peng, J., Wang, J., Bi, X., Lim, C. J., Sokhansaj, S., Peng, H., & Jia, D. (2015). Effects of thermal treatment on energy density and hardness of torrefied wood pellets. Fuel Processing Technology, 129, 168–173.

Pranoto, B., Pandin, M., Fithri, S. R., & Nasution, S. (2013). Peta potensi limbah biomassa pertanian dan kehutanan sebagai basis data pengembangan energi terbarukan biomass potential. Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan, 12(2), 123–130.

Pujirahayu, N. (2012). Kajian sifat fisik beberapa jenis bambu di Kecamatan Tonggauna Kabupaten Konawe. Jurnal. Fakultas Pertanian, 9(2), 224–230.

Purnomo, C. E., Haryanto, A., & Wisnu, F. K. (2022). Torefaksi pelet tandan kosong kelapa sawit menggunakan reaktor putar torrefaction of palm oil empty fruit bunch pellets using rotary reactor. Jurnal Agriculture Biosystem Engineering, 1(1), 1–11.

Putro, D. S., & Murningsih, J. (2014). Keanekaragaman jenis dan pemanfaatan bambu di Desa Lopait Kabupaten Semarang Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Biologi, 3(2), 71–79.

Rani, I. T., Hidayat, W., Febryano, I. G., Iryani, D. A., Haryanto, A., & Hasanudin, U. (2020). Pengaruh torefaksi terhadap sifat kimia pelet tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 9(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v9i1.63-70

Rubiyanti, T., Hidayat, W., Febryano, I. G., & Bakri, S. (2019). Karakterisasi pelet kayu karet (Hevea brasiliensis) hasil torefaksi dengan menggunakan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB). Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 7(3), 321–331. http://digilib.unila.ac.id/59044/

Salca, E. A., Kobori, H., Inagaki, T., Kojima, Y., & Suzuki, S. (2016). Effect of heat treatment on colour changes of black alder and beech veneers. Journal of Wood Science, 62(4), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-016-1558-3

Siyal, A. A., Mao, X., Liu, Y., Ran, C., Fu, J., Kang, Q., Ao, W., Zhang, R., Dai, J., & Liu, G. (2020). Torrefaction subsequent to pelletization: Characterization and analysis of furfural residue and sawdust pellets. Waste Management, 113, 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.037

Sulistio, Y., Febryano, I. G., Hasanudin, U., Yoo, J., Kim, S., Lee, S., & Hidayat, W. (2020). Pengaruh torefaksi dengan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) dan electric furnace terhadap pelet kayu jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 8(1), 65–76.

Suri, I. F., Kim, J. H., Purusatama, B. D., Yang, G. U., Prasetia, D., Lee, S. H., Hidayat, W., Febrianto, F., Park, B. H., & Kim, N. H. (2021). Comparison of the color and weight change in Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood heat-treated in hot oil and hot air. BioResources, 16(3), 5574–5585. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5574-5585

Syamsiro, M. (2019). Peningkatan kualitas bahan bakar padat biomassa dengan proses densifikasi dan torrefaksi. Jurnal Mekanik Sistem Termal, 1(April 2016), 7–13.

Tumuluru, J. S., Sokhansanj, S., Hess, J. R., Wright, C. T., & Boardman, R. D. (2011). A review on biomass torrefaction process and product properties for energy applications. Industrial Biotechnology, 7(5), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2011.7.384

Valverde, J. C., & Moya, R. (2014). Correlation and modeling between color variation and quality of the surface between accelerated and natural tropical weathering in Acacia mangium, Cedrela odorata and Tectona grandis wood with two coating. Color Research and Application, 39(5), 519–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.21826

Wibowo, S., Laia, D. P. O., Khotib, M., & Pari, G. (2017). Karakterisasi karbon pelet campuran rumput gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum Scumach) dan tempurung nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum Linn.). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 35(1), 73–82.

Widarti, A. (2017). Energi Terbarukan dari Batang Kelapa Sawit: Konversi Menggunakan Proses Torefaksi. In Institut Pertanian Bogor. Institut Petanian Bogor.

Widyorini, R., Khotimah, K., & Prayitno, T. A. (2014). Pengaruh Suhu dan metode perlakuan panas terhadap sifat fisika dan kualitas finishing kayu mahoni. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 8(2), 65–74.

Yu, Y., Zhu, Z., Wang, L., Wang, G., & Bai, X. (2021). Effect of torrefaction treatment on physical and fuel properties of caragana (Caragana korshinskii) Pellets. Bioenergy Research, 14(4), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10235-3

Zhang, Y., Chen, F., Chen, D., Cen, K., Zhang, J., & Cao, X. (2020). Upgrading of biomass pellets by torrefaction and its influence on the hydrophobicity, mechanical property, and fuel quality. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00666-5

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): June

Section

Articles

License

    1. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

        1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Lice that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
        2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
        3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

        4. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung

          Creative Commons License
          JTEPL is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.