Sel Bahan Bakar Berbasis Mikroba-Tanaman (P-MFC) Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik; Prinsip Kerja, Variasi Desain, Potensi dan Tantangan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v9i2.112-121Abstract
Abstract
Plant Microbial Fuel Cell or known as P-MFC, is an emerging technology to produce electricity. P-MFC is projected as a possible solution in developing an alternative source of electricity that is highly available and sustainable. P-MFC is not releasing pollution during the running time. Hence, the only side product of this technology is water. The electricity could be harvested in situ, or directly on the reactor site location. P-MFC shows unique symbiosis between the plant and the microbe, which live around the plant roots area. Naturally, the microbe will eventually degrade the organic matter and convert it to electricity with the support of a particular P-MFC design. The P-MFC design for research purposes has already been various compare to the initial introduction. Besides, the plant type occupied has been diverse as well. This article reviews four main parts of P-MFC technology. Firstly, an explanation of fundamentals processes in P-MFC and its plant. Secondly, about the P-MFC design variations and its power output. Thirdly, about P-MFC power potential in Indonesia. And lastly, about the challenge of P-MFC application.
Keywords: bioenergy, P-MFC, fuel cell, microbe, bioelectricity
Abstrak
Sel Bahan Bakar Berbasis Mikroba-Tanaman atau lebih dikenal dengan Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC) adalah teknologi baru terbarukan untuk memproduksi energi berupa listik. P-MFC menjadi solusi potensial dalam pengembangan energi listrik alternatif yang mudah didapatkan dan ramah lingkungan. P-MFC tidak menimbulkan polusi saat digunakan karena hasil samping satu-satunya adalah air. Listrik yang dihasilkan dapat dipanen langsung dilokasi peletakkan reaktor P-MFC. Lebih lanjut, teknologi P-MFC memanfaatkan keberadaan mikroba yang hidup di sekitar area perakaran tanaman. Secara alamiah mikroba akan mendegradasi bahan organik dan kemudian mengubahnya menjadi listrik dengan dukungan desain P-MFC tertentu. Desain P-MFC sudah sangat berkembang sejak awal mula diperkenalkan. Selain itu, jenis tanaman yang digunakan juga semakin beragam. Pada tulisan ini, akan diulas empat hal penting mengenai PMFC. Pertama-tama, proses dasar pada teknologi P-MFC dan jenis tanaman P-MFC. Kedua mengenai variasi desain P-MFC dan efektifitasnya dalam menghasilkan listrik. Ketiga, tentang potensi P-MFC di Indonesia. Dan terakhir, mengenai tantangan utama dalam aplikasi P-MFC.
Kata kunci: energi terbarukan, P-MFC, sel bahan bakar, mikroba, listrik-bio
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